Nerves Obturator nerve L2-L4 Femoral nerve L2-L4 Terminal branches to anterior thigh muscles Articular branches to knee and hip joints Cutaneous innervation to anteromedial thigh Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve S1-S3 Sciatic nerve L4-S3 Innervates all muscles in posterior thigh, leg, and foot Also provides cutaneous innervation for most of leg and foot Even though it lies deep to the gluteus maximus muscle, the sciatic nerve does not innervate any muscles in the gluteal region.
Femoral Triangle Mnemonic: NAVL femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymph nodes Borders Superior: inguinal ligament Medial: adductor longus muscle Lateral: sartorius muscle Floor: Iliopsoas muscle laterally and pectineus muscle medially. Knee Can basically be thought of as hinge joint Actually a complex of two joints Tibiofemoral joint Patellofemoral joint Capsule Synovial membrane Fibrous membrane Bursae sacs filled with synovial fluid Fat pads Menisci Medial meniscus - C-shaped fibrocartilage Lateral meniscus - O-shaped fibrocartilage Ligaments Outside of capsule MCL Attaches medial epicondyle of femur to tibial condyle and medial meniscus Prevents tibia from abducting on the femur LCL Attaches lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula Prevents tibia from adducting on the femur Oblique politeal ligament Arcuate ligament Patellar ligament Inside of capsule ACL PCL.
Quiz Content on this page requires a newer version of Adobe Flash Player. Pectineal line of femur oblique line that extends from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur. Sides of TL5 vertebrae and discs that are between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae. Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine Reflected head: ilium, just superior to the acetabulum.
A line on the external surfaces of the body of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium.
Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, muscular branches of profunda femoris artery. It is the longest and strongest bone in the body. The femur articulates proximally with the acetabulum and distally with the tibia and patella. The knee joint is formed by articulations of the femur, tibia, and patella. The knee joint enables flexion, extension, and minimal rotation of the femur and tibia.
Also, it plays an important role in supporting the weight of the body during static positions and dynamic movement during gait. The articulations between the femur, tibia, and patella form the knee joint and enable the following actions Figure A :. Movement in the sagittal plane, decreasing the knee joint angle.
Movement in the sagittal plane, increasing the knee joint angle. Medial rotation. Movement toward the midline in the transverse or axial plane. Lateral rotation. Movement away from the midline in the transverse or axial plane. Actions of the knee joint. Compartments of the thigh. Muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh. The muscles of the thigh are divided by their fascial compartments anterior, medial, and posterior and may cross the hip or knee joint Figure B.
Identifying which joints the muscles cross and the side on which they cross can provide useful insight into the actions of these muscles Table Lateral part of intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera.
Medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge. Oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur. Adducts and flexes thigh at Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'.
This div only appears when the trigger link is hovered over. Otherwise it is hidden from view. Forgot Username? Psoas Major : The psoas major is located deep in the back near the midline immediately adjacent to the spine. The iliacus and psoas major comprise the iliopsoas group. Attachments: Originates from the base of the spine, combining with the iliacus to attach to the femur. Actions: Flexing of the thigh at the hip joint. Iliacus : The iliacus muscle is a large, fan-shaped muscle which lines the interior of the pelvis.
Attachments: Originates from the pelvis and the base of the spine, combining with the psoas major to attach to the femur. Sartorius : The sartorius is a long thin muscle in the thigh, the longest muscle in the body. Attachments: Originates from the pelvis and attaches to the tibia. Actions: Flexing, abducting and rotation of the thigh at the hip joint.
Pectineus : The pectineus muscle is a large flat muscle found in the thigh. Actions: Adduction and flexing at the thigh at the hip joint. Biceps Femoris : A similar muscle to the biceps brachii in the upper arm, also double-headed. Two synergistic muscles are associated with the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. Attachments: Originates from the pelvis and femur and attaches to the fibula.
Actions: Extends and laterally rotates at the hip. The main action is flexing of the lower leg at the knee. Key Movements Extension bringing thigh behind body Produced by the gluteus maximus, adductor magnus, and biceps femoris.
Flexion extending thigh to front of body : Produced by the gracilis, psoas major, iliacus, and pectineus. Abduction moving thigh laterally away from pelvis : Produced by the gluteus medius and minimus, obturator externus, gemelli, and sartorius.
Adduction returning thigh to midline : Produced by the adductor group of muscles. Rotation rotation of the thigh around the hip joint : Produced by the lateral rotator group of muscles and the biceps femoris, sartorius, and gluteus medius and minimus. Muscles that Cause Movement at the Knee Joint Three sets of muscles popliteus, quadriceps and hamstrings allow for movement, balance, and stability at the knee joint. Learning Objectives Differentiate among the muscles that enable the knee joint to move.
The popliteus muscle at the back of the leg unlocks the knee by rotating the femur on the tibia, allowing flexion of the joint. The quadriceps femoris muscle group rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medius, and vastus intermedius crosses the knee via the patella and acts to extend the leg.
The hamstring group muscles semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris flex the knee and extend the hip. Key Terms hamstring group : A group of three muscles found in the posterior region of the thigh, responsible for flexing of the lower leg at the knee. Key Movements Extension: Produced by the sartorius and quadriceps femoris group of muscles. Flexion: Produced by the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles. The popliteus muscle facilitates this movement by unlocking the fully extended knee joint.
Rotation: The knee joint allows for slight rotation when flexed, which is produced by the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, and sartorius. Muscles that Cause Movement at the Ankle Muscles of the leg insert into ankle and foot bones to facilitate ankle movement. Learning Objectives Describe the muscles that cause the ankle to move. Key Takeaways Key Points The ankle consists of two joints which permit dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion of the foot.
Strong ligaments hold the ankle joint in place, although it is susceptible to damage. Muscles controlling movement at the ankle are found in the leg and can be split into anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments. Key Terms plantarflexion : Movement of the foot downwards away from the lower leg.
Key Movements Eversion of the Foot tilting of the sole of the foot away from the midline : Performed by the fibularis brevis and fibularis longus. Inversion of the Foot tilting of the sole of the foot inwards towards the midline : Performed by the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior.
Dorsiflexion of the Foot pulling the foot upwards towards the leg : Performed by the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus. Plantarflexion of the Foot pulling the foot downwards away from the lower leg : Performed by the gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus and fibularis longus. Muscles that Cause Movement at the Foot Movement of the foot and toes requires the action of many muscles. Learning Objectives Differentiate among the muscles that cause feet to move.
Key Takeaways Key Points The hallux or large toe is extended by the extensor hallucis brevis on the top of the foot. The flexor hallucis brevis and abductor hallucis flex and abduct the big toe. The adductor hallucis adducts the big toe. The remaining toes are flexed by the flexor digitorum longus, lumbricals, flexor digitorum brevis, and quadratus plantae.
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