Subjects Movements Places. Teaching Video Audio. Back to top. Stream of Consciousness By Hu, Jane. DOI: Personal Login Required. Cite Options. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of every Shakespeare play. Sign Up. Already have an account? Sign in.
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Stream of Consciousness Definition What is stream of consciousness? Some additional key details about stream of consciousness: Stream of consciousness writing is associated with the early 20th-century Modernist movement. Stream of consciousness is used primarily in fiction and poetry, but the term has also been used to describe plays and films that attempt to visually represent a character's thoughts.
What Makes Stream of Consciousness Different? Syntax and grammar: Stream of consciousness writing does not usually follow ordinary rules of grammar and syntax or word order.
This is because thoughts are often not fully formed, or they change course in the middle and become "run-on sentences," or they are interrupted by another thought. So grammar and syntax can be used to replicate this process in ways that aren't grammatically or syntactically "correct," but that nonetheless feel accurate. For instance, in Death in Venice , Thomas Mann uses subtly irregular syntax and grammar to help convey his main character's gradual descent into madness as part of a stream of consciousness passage that begins: "For beauty, Phaedrus, take note!
Association: Stream of consciousness also makes use of associative thought. In this style of writing, writers transition between ideas using loose connections that are often based on a character's personal experiences and memories. The idea is that this technique helps writers convey the experience of human thought more accurately than they could by using a series of ideas connected with clear, logical transitions.
Associative thought can seem "random" as it leaps from one thing to the next, with the help of only ambiguous or seemingly nonexistent connections, even as it can also feel similar to the actual random leaps that are a part of people's everyday thoughts. As an example, characters' thoughts are often presented to the reader in response to sensory impressions—fragmented observations describing what the character sees, hears, smells, feels, tastes, and so on.
Repetition: Writers might use repetition to indicate that the character keeps coming back to, or is fixating on, a certain thought or sensory impression. Repeated words and phrases can act as a sign posts, pointing readers towards significant themes and motifs.
For example, if a character's mind is constantly returning to the scent of a woman's perfume, the reader might conclude that the character is fascinated by or attracted to that woman. Plot structure: Many writers who employ stream of consciousness also experiment with structure, incorporating elements like multiple unreliable narrators or a nonlinear plot structure i.
For example, in one chapter of his novel Sometimes A Great Notion , Ken Kesey alternates between the thoughts, emotions, and impressions of several characters including a dog , using italics and different styles of punctuation to indicate which character is thinking each word, phrase, or sentence. Stream of Consciousness vs. Interior Monologue Both interior monologue and stream of consciousness involve the presentation of a character's thoughts to the reader.
In interior monologue, unlike in stream of consciousness, the character's thoughts are often presented using traditional grammar and syntax, and usually have a clear logical progression from one sentence to the next and one idea to the next.
Interior monologue relates a character's thoughts as coherent, fully formed sentences, as if the character is talking to him or herself. Stream of consciousness, in contrast, seeks to portray the actual experience of thinking, in all its chaos and distraction.
Stream of consciousness is not just an attempt to relay a character's thoughts, but to make the reader experience those thoughts in the same way that the character is thinking them.
Stream of Consciousness Examples Stream of consciousness became widespread as a literary technique during the Modernist movement that flourished in the years just before and then after World War I the early to mid 20th century. Stream of Consciousness in Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf Virginia Woolf is known for using stream of consciousness in her writing.
In this passage, the title character, Clarissa Dalloway, watches cars driving by: She had a perpetual sense, as she watched the taxi cabs, of being out, out, far out to sea and alone; she always had the feeling that it was very, very dangerous to live even one day. In this passage, readers hear the voice of a character named Beloved who seems to be the spirit of the murdered infant of another character named Sethe: I am alone I want to be the two of us I want the join I come out of blue water after the bottoms of my feet swim away from me I come up I need to find a place to be the air is heavy I am not dead I am not there is a house there is what she whispered to me I am where she told me I am not dead I sit the sun closes my eyes when I open them I see the face I lost Sethe's is the face that left me Sethe sees me see her and I see the smile her smiling face is the place for me it is the face I lost she is my face smiling at me Morrison doesn't use proper capitalization or grammar throughout the passage e.
I grow old In Blindness, Saramago uses long sentences and eschews quotation marks to enhance the seamlessness of his prose, allowing the stream-of-consciousness to run free of interruption:. The second French writer on this list, Samuel Beckett used the stream of consciousness technique in his Three Novels Molloy, Malone Dies and the Unnamable to deliver a stream of observations and musings on time and existence.
What shall I do? And in the end, or almost, to be abroad alone, by unknown ways, in the gathering night, with a stick.
It may be an acutely conscious mouse, yet it is a mouse, while the other is a man, and therefore, et caetera, et caetera.
You are my sister. You are my daughter. You are my face; you are me. I have found you again; you have come back to me. You are my Beloved. You are mine. I have your milk. I have your smile. I will take care of you. You are my face; I am you.
Why did you leave me. Samuel Beckett is Irish not French. He would still be considered Irish, and is Irish. Also think Robert Penn Warren, Pullitzer prize winner, should come above that last entry at least for a place on this list.
All this notwithstanding, a good list and thank you for compiling it. Reblogged this on Sleeping Elephant and commented: In the know— how—to know you are in the know—you must have the know-how, yo…. Do you reveal sources?
George Cole Scott. Fyodor Dostoevsky can not be termed in this category of writers….. Good point. However, even before the name was coined, any writer could have been using the style. A rose by any other name and all…. Scientific tests done with both little ones and older eople have idicated that propolis treatment method can help do aweay with parasitews that complicate ulcerative colitis.
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Nice article! Reblogged this on series of dreams II and commented: Enjoyed the stream of consciousness list. Decades ago, one of my readers said that she loved my stream-of-consciousness style. Yes, Mary Martina, you are right. I pointed that out a year and a half ago but apparently no one cares.
Joyce credits the French author Dujardin for inspiring him re stream of consciousness backcover of Portrait of an Artist.
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