They were moved to areas where they had insufficient land to grow their own food and provide for their families, no access to employment and often no access to water. In Central Vietnam over the past 20 years, many hydropower projects of different sizes and capacities have been planned and constructed, especially from Quang Binh to Phu Yen and Provinces in Central Highlands. Overall, hydropower is now contributing about 35 per cent to 40 per cent of national energy production. However, the rapidly increasing number of hydropower plants in Central Vietnam has already raised many environmental and social concerns and we are facing adverse consequences for the sustainable development of the whole area.
Hydropower requires vast quantities of water from the rivers and destroys the river ecology. Hydropower plant operation and deforestation are creating conflicts over water usage; they are destroying livelihoods; and they cause the displacement of many communities who traditionally lived sustainably beside the rivers. Downstream people also face many water-related challenges; and trans- boundary impacts include flooding, water shortage and water pollution.
The Government of Vietnam has decreed that the natural environment should be protected from the negative impacts of uncontrolled, industrial development. However, there are significant gaps and inconsistencies between the actual processes that have been undertaken in the recent past, and the government-decreed process. Increasing dam construction causes the forced resettlement of thousands of poor ethnic minority people as well as impacting tens of thousands of people living downstream.
There can be frequent and unpredictable floods for example, when the dam operators release water without prior warning or with insufficient time for people downstream to prepare for a flood, or there can be a loss of volume and quality of water. Specifically some of the results of hydropower dams on river systems are:. Also in U. Also in Use of energy explained Use of energy Energy use in industry Energy use for transportation Energy use in homes Energy use in commercial buildings Energy efficiency and conservation.
Also in Energy and the environment explained Energy and the environment Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gases and the climate Where greenhouse gases come from Outlook for future emissions Recycling and energy.
Nonrenewable sources. Oil and petroleum products. Diesel fuel. Heating oil. Also in Oil and petroleum products explained Oil and petroleum products Refining crude oil Where our oil comes from Imports and exports Offshore oil and gas Use of oil Prices and outlook Oil and the environment. Also in Gasoline explained Gasoline Octane in depth Where our gasoline comes from Use of gasoline Prices and outlook Factors affecting gasoline prices Regional price differences Price fluctuations History of gasoline Gasoline and the environment.
Also in Diesel fuel explained Diesel fuel Where our diesel comes from Use of diesel Prices and outlook Factors affecting diesel prices Diesel fuel surcharges Diesel and the environment. Also in Heating oil explained Heating oil Where our heating oil comes from Use of heating oil Prices and outlook Factors affecting heating oil prices. Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids. Natural gas. Also in Hydrocarbon gas liquids explained Hydrocarbon gas liquids Where do hydrocarbon gas liquids come from?
Transporting and storing Uses of hydrocarbon gas liquids Imports and exports Prices. Also in Natural gas explained Natural gas Delivery and storage Natural gas pipelines Liquefied natural gas Where our natural gas comes from Imports and exports How much gas is left Use of natural gas Prices Factors affecting natural gas prices Natural gas and the environment Customer choice programs.
Also in Coal explained Coal Mining and transportation Where our coal comes from Imports and exports How much coal is left Use of coal Prices and outlook Coal and the environment. Renewable sources. Renewable energy. Biofuels: Ethanol and Biomass-based diesel. Power is produced and is sent to homes and businesses. Geological Survey Pros of Hydropower Producing electricity using hydropower has some advantages over other power-producing methods: Hydroelectricity is a renewable energy source.
Hydroelectricity uses the energy of running water, without reducing its quantity, to produce electricity. Hydroelectricity makes it possible to utilize other renewable sources.
The flexibility and storage capacity of hydroelectric power plants make them more economical in supporting the use of intermittent sources of renewable energy, such as solar energy. Hydroelectricity promotes guaranteed energy and price stability.
River water is a domestic resource which, unlike fuel or natural gas, is not subject to market fluctuations. Hydroelectricity helps fight climate changes. The hydroelectric life cycle produces very small amounts of greenhouse gasses. Hydroelectricity improves the air we breathe. Cons of Hydropower Hydroelectric power is not perfect, however, and does have some significant disadvantages: Hydropower is non-polluting, but does have environmental impacts. Hydropower facilities can affect land use, homes, and natural habitats in the dam area.
The construction of surface reservoirs has slowed considerably in recent years. Building a dam and reservoir to support hydroelectric power takes a lot of money, time, and construction, and most of the suitable sports to locate hydro plants have already been taken.
Hydroelectricity is hydrology dependent. The system depends on precipitation levels, which can fluctuate from year to year, causing instability.
0コメント