Beyond that, various U. Single quotation marks enclose quotations within quotations; double marks, quotations within these; and so on. The practice in other English-speaking countries is often the reverse: single marks are used first, then double, and so on.
Although material set off as a block quote is not enclosed in quotation marks, quoted matter within the block quote is enclosed in double quotation marks—in other words, treated as it would be in text see An author or editor who changes a run-in quotation to a block quotation must delete the opening and closing quotation marks and change [reverse] any internal ones.
Similarly, converting a block quotation to a run-in quotation requires adding and altering quotation marks. A translation following a foreign word, phrase or title is enclosed in parentheses or quotation marks. In linguistics and phonetic studies a definition is often enclosed in single quotation marks with no intervening punctuation; any following punctuation is placed after the closing quotation mark.
Nicknamed "scare quotes," they imply "This is not my term" or "This is not how the term is usually applied. In works of philosophy, single quotation marks are sometimes used for similar purposes, but Chicago discourages that practice unless it is essential to the author's argument and not confusing to readers.
Many horticultural cultivars cultivated varieties have fanciful names that must be respected since they may be registered trademarks. Such names should be enclosed in single quotation marks; any following punctuation is placed after the closing quotation mark. If the English name follows the Latin name, there is no intervening punctuation. In short, in the special cases of linguistics terms and botanical cultivars, Chicago and general U.
The Associated Press Stylebook has far less to say about single quotation marks, preferring double quotation marks for every purpose except instances involving nested quotations:. She said, "I quote from his letter, 'I agree with Kipling that "the female of the species is more deadly than the male," but the phenomenon is not an unchangeable law of nature,' a remark he did not explain.
Use three marks together if two quoted elements end at the same time: She said, "He told me, 'I love you. This passage—which echoes the advice in Chicago —is the only place in AP that mentions single quotation marks at all; in every other situation involving quotation marks, it is understood that double quotation marks are to be used.
Words into Type , third edition adds a few wrinkles to its discussion of single quotation marks, but in general its treatment is consistent with Chicago 's and AP 's:. All direct quotations from the work of another should be enclosed in [double] quotation marks unless they are set as extract, in type smaller than the text type, or set solid within a leaded text.
A quotation within a quotation should be enclosed in single quotation marks. If this, in turn, contains a quotation, this last should be double quoted. One within this should be single quoted. Single quotation marks. Single quotes are properly used to enclose quoted matter within a quotation [cross reference omitted].
Other uses are more or less arbitrary and unusual. They may be used to save space when quotations are numerous, or to differentiate certain terms from other similar. A once-common practice, now usually confined to etymological texts, was the use of double quotes only for extracts and dialogue and single quotes in all other cases where quotes were called for.
At the U. But we broke with Chicago in using single quotation marks when quoting particular computer menu options as opposed to computer message text, which we used double quotation marks to quote. For example:. Beneath the text block that reads "Other Valuable Benefits for Our Treasured Customers," uncheck the box next to 'Please keep me informed of other exciting products from XCorp.
The idea was to help readers distinguish between computer text that involved simple reading and computer text that required some sort of choice or action on the user's part. Editors also enforced another house style rule that may not be widely used elsewhere: When quotation marks appeared in display type primarily titles, subheads, and pull quotes to indicate other article or book titles, words used as words, or quotations, we would use single quotation marks rather than double ones.
For example, the title of a news item in display type might look like this:. This rule seems to have come about because the magazine's designers and editors felt that double quotation marks in display type looked too busy and prominent, whereas, by comparison, single quotation marks looked simple and clean.
I have been using double marks when writing and have never used single marks. A direct quote the exact words spoken or written must be always written inside quotation marks.
A man who lives fully is prepared to die at any time. We also use inverted commas to mark off words or a phrase that is being discussed, or that is borrowed from somewhere else. Sometimes inverted commas are also used to draw attention to a skeptic or ironic remark. They might indicate that the writer is indicating the exact opposite of what he has written.
However, it is still important not to confuse your readers by including too many punctuation marks. For direct help crafting your sentence with correct punctuation, try Scribendi's editing and proofreading services. The apostrophe is probably one of the English language's most abused punctuation marks. For example, by looking at different advertisements, street signs, and store marquees, you'll realize many people don't seem to understand the proper use of this mark.
Check out our blog post on using apostrophes for more information. A semicolon separates major elements in a sentence. A semicolon should appear between related independent clauses when not connected by coordinative conjunction, such as "yet," "so," "for," "nor," "or," "but," or "and. Colons, on the other hand, are used after an independent clause to announce a list or quotation. Learn more about the use of semicolons and colons.
Parentheses are used within a sentence to include information that's not essential to the main point but that is still relevant. Such information is supplementary, and omitting it wouldn't change the meaning of the main point. Read more about the use of parentheses. While quotations are necessary for most types of writing, the use of too many quotation marks—whether single or double quotes—can make your writing seem heavy-handed.
To ensure quotation marks have been used appropriately used in your writing, consider sending it to the professionals at Scribendi for proofreading.
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